Trastornos del sueño en atletas de alto rendimiento: una revisión narrativa

María Jesús  Abrigo González; Catalina Andrea Petric Prado; Alvaro Ignacio Vidal Santoro; César Andrés  Kalazich Rosales

doi:10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v70i1.79

Authors

María Jesús Abrigo González Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Sede Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8312-7607
Catalina Andrea Petric Prado Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Sede Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6515-4971
Alvaro Ignacio Vidal Santoro Clinica MEDS, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0859-9613
César Andrés Kalazich Rosales Clinica MEDS, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-6662

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v70i1.79

Keywords:

sleep, sleep disorder, athletes, sleep in athletes

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disorders in elite athletes are a relevant topic within Sports Medicine. To enhance athletes’ performance, this issue must be addressed in clinical practice through clear definitions, established study methods, and standardized management strategies.

Objective: To characterize the terminology and definitions of the main sleep disorders in elite athletes in order to demonstrate their relevance to athletic performance, and to propose study methods and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments supported by existing evidence.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using the scientific databases PubMED, Elsevier, and Scielo. Articles published within the last decade were selected to provide the most up-to-date information.

Results: Sleep disorders are common among elite athletes. Although there is a lack of studies and high-quality evidence on the assessment, treatment, and prevention of this condition, healthcare professionals have implemented both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions empirically, with non-pharmacological management being the most frequently used. Currently, the most commonly used assessment tools are sleep diaries and actigraphy.

Discussion: This literature review demonstrates that, although interest in sleep disorders among elite athletes is growing, many more studies are needed to make evidence-based recommendations according to current literature. While the impact of sleep disorders on the health and performance of elite athletes is recognized, prevalence studies and high-quality research on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are still lacking.

Conclusion: There are few studies on sleep disorders in elite athletes. This is due to the current lack of sufficient evidence and expert validation regarding the aforementioned aspects. It is a relevant topic that should be actively studied to provide appropriate management, as sleep disorders negatively impact athletic performance.

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