Comparación de protocolos de rehabilitación de tendinopatía patelar considerando las variables de dolor, fuerza, funcionalidad y tiempo.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v68i1.59Palabras clave:
Tendinopatía patelar, Protocolo, Rehabilitación, Ejercicio excéntricoResumen
Introducción: La tendinopatía patelar o también conocida como Rodilla del Saltador, es un trastorno músculo esquelético, que se caracteriza principalmente por un dolor progresivo de tipo insidioso y difuso en la zona anteroinferior de la patela, en la zona proximal al tendón rotuliano. Esta lesión es frecuente en deportes que involucren una carga constante, la cual está dada por saltos, movimientos repetitivos y cambios de direcciones. A nivel mundial se indica una prevalencia del 14% en deportistas de tipo recreativos y 45% en deportistas de élite y una incidencia es de 11,83 casos por 1.000 personas por año.
Objetivo: Comparación de protocolos abarcando las variables de Dolor, Fuerza y Funcionalidad.
Metodología: Este estudio es una revisión bibliográfica con un diseño no experimental de metodología descriptiva con alcance correlacional y un carácter retrospectivo centrada en la comparación de protocolos de tendinopatía patelar con enfoque en variables de dolor, fuerza, funcionalidad y tiempo. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIENCE DIRECT, EBSCO HOST. Al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se analizaron 398 artículos científicos.
Resultados: Bajos los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionó un total de 13 trabajos analizados con protocolos distintos para la rehabilitación en la tendinopatía patelar, describiendo variables de dolor, fuerza (intensidad, volumen, frecuencia, tiempo de pausa y funcionalidad, utilizando las palabras clave.
Conclusión: Los protocolos encontrados sobre rehabilitación en la tendinopatía patelar, no se evidencia consenso en la literatura, la información no es específica, indeterminada, no uniformidad en las herramientas empleadas para la medición de variables, sin rigurosidad en la dosificación de ejercicios, además de gran variedad de intervenciones donde no se indican las prescripciones del ejercicio para abordar esta tendinopatía de la forma más efectiva y eficaz.
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