Entrenamiento excéntrico un aliado en la prevenciónde lesiones y en la mejora del rendimiento deportivo.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v69i1.71Palabras clave:
Actividad Física, desarrollo muscular, Fuerza muscular, lesión musculoesquelética, MiopatíasResumen
El entrenamiento se centra en la fase de alargamiento de las acciones musculares. Diversas investigaciones señalaban al entrenamiento excéntrico como un método lesivo debido a la generación de dolor muscular (DOMS) 24, 48 e incluso 72 horas post entrenamiento. En la actualidad este tipo de contracciones ha sido foco de estudio más profundos y ha mostrado efectos positivos en el aumento de fuerza y potencia muscular, además de ser un factor protector en la prevención de lesiones.
Esta carta al editor está dirigida con la finalidad de mostrar evidencia actualizada respecto al rol del ejercicio excéntrico proponiendo cuatro niveles de trabajo según la bibliografía detallando series, repeticiones y porcentajes del 1RM de acuerdo al objetivo y nivel del sujeto o deportista.
Esta información es útil para los mismos deportistas y/o entrenadores para que puedan utilizar este tipo de ejercicios en sus programas de entrenamiento de acuerdo a la edad y sexo de las personas.
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