Comportamiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico en mujeres corredoras entre 18 y 50 años a distintas velocidades de carrera: Revisión sistemática

Antonia Pérez; María Jose Hudson Meyer; Johana  Soto Sánchez; Ignacio Andres Barra Mondaca; Josefina Maria Grazia Izurieta Copetta

doi:10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v70i2.103

Authors

Antonia Pérez Programa de Magíster en Medicina y Ciencias del Deporte, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9589-005X
María Jose Hudson Meyer Laboratorio integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiología del esfuerzo, Universidad de Los Andes, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-1852
Johana Soto Sánchez Centro de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Actividad Física, Ejercicio y Salud, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-5447
Ignacio Andres Barra Mondaca Centro de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Actividad Física, Ejercicio y Salud, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-6016
Josefina Maria Grazia Izurieta Copetta Centro de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Actividad Física, Ejercicio y Salud, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4078-2990

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v70i2.103

Keywords:

Urinary Incontinence, Pelvic Diaphragm, Jogging, Speed, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography

Abstract

Objective: To systematize the evidence regarding the behavior of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in women during running at different speeds, evaluating their activity in the presence or absence of urinary incontinence (UI). This review aims to describe PFM behavior in relation to electromyographic and kinematic variables.

Methodology: A systematic search was conducted for articles published before October 1, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies from the last 10 years analyzing the electromyographic and kinematic activity of the PFM were included. The databases consulted were PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were established using the PICOS framework, and methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (Registration No. INPLASY2024120062).

Results: Seven out of 110 articles met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 60% described PFM preactivation before initial foot contact, reflecting anticipatory activity in response to increased ground reaction forces. Continent women demonstrated significantly greater electromyographic (EMG) intensity in high-frequency bands (110–200 Hz) prior to initial contact, whereas incontinent women exhibited altered activation and fiber recruitment patterns. No significant differences were found in kinematic variables between continent and incontinent women. The main limitation of the evidence is the small number of studies and their observational design, which increases the risk of bias.

Conclusion: There is involuntary preactivation of the PFM during the phase preceding initial contact, suggesting muscular and tendon system preparation for impact force absorption. The PFM remain active with lower energy until the foot approaches the ground again

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