Efectividad de un entrenamiento de estabilización lumbopélvico en el rendimiento del balance dinámico de mujeres adulto mayores no institucionalizadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v61i2.3Palabras clave:
Adulto mayor, balance dinámico, estabilización lumbopélvica, Time up and GoResumen
La transición demográfica y epidemiológica que se encuentra Chile ha traído consigo un aumento en la población de adultos mayores y en los índices de caídas.
La estabilización lumbopélvica es un factor determinante en el balance dinámico y desarrollo de la marcha. Debido a que la población adulto mayor es la que presenta la mayor cantidad de caídas, un programa de ejercicios enfocados en aumentar el control neuromuscular del cinturón lumbopélvico podría disminuir el riesgo de caída en dicha población.
El objetivo del presente estudio es pesquisar si la aplicación de una pauta de ejercicios para el aumento de la estabilidad del segmento lumbopélvico, en mujeres mayores de 65 años no institucionalizadas, incide en la mejoría del balance dinámico cuantificado mediante el Test Time up and Go.
20 mujeres mayores de 65 años fueron designadas aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El grupo experimental, se sometió a una pauta de ejercicios de control lumbopélvico y el grupo control a una pauta de ejercicios generales durante 8 semanas, dos veces por semana.
Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando la prueba de T- student, con GraphPadPrism 6.04 versión trial con un nivel de significancia de estadística de α ≤ 0,05.
Al comparar los resultados del test Time up and Go pre y post intervención, el grupo experimental mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (-2,81 segundos; p= 0,011). En base a los resultados se concluye que los ejercicios de estabilización lumbopélvica, podrían ser una herramienta fundamental a considerar al momento de planificar pautas de prevención de caídas en el adulto mayor, disminuyendo de esta forma el riesgo de caídas y sus graves consecuencias.
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