Evaluación funcional en futbolistas juveniles chilenos: análisis comparativo por posición

Gonzalo Fernández C.; Rodrigo Guiloff K.; Jo´se Bravo H.; Rodrigo Domínguez G.; David Figueroa P.; Rafael Calvo R.; Francisco Figueroa B.; Alex Vaisman B.

doi:10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v65i1.10

Autores/as

Gonzalo Fernández C. Médico, Staff Unidad de Medicina Deportiva Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.
Rodrigo Guiloff K. Traumatólogo, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
José Bravo H. Residente de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Rodrigo Domínguez G. Kinesiólogo, Jefe de Unidad de Reintegro Deportivo Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.
David Figueroa P. Traumatólogo, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Rafael Calvo R. Traumatólogo, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Francisco Figueroa B. Traumatólogo, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Alex Vaisman B. Traumatólogo, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana–Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v65i1.10

Palabras clave:

Functional Movement Screen test, Test de Illinois, Test de los 30 metros planos, Parámetros funcionales, Pro Agility, Saltos verticales

Resumen

Introducción: Los futbolistas presentan un desarrollo diferenciado en cuanto a parámetros funcionales según su posición en la cancha, sin embargo, no hay estudios al respecto en futbolistas chilenos.

Objetivo: Comparar parámetros funcionales en futbolistas juveniles chilenos según posición.

Método: Estudio transversal, analítico. Participación de 84 futbolistas juveniles chilenos. Se evaluó flexibilidad y estabilidad, agilidad, velocidad y potencia muscular, mediante batería de 6 tests específicos (Functional Movement Screen, Pro Agility, Illinois e Illinois con balón, velocidad a 30m y salto vertical). El análisis estadístico incluyó Kruskal-Wallis y ANOVA (p <0,05).

Resultados: Edad de la muestra 15,781,13 años. Los delanteros realizaron el Pro Agility en menos tiempo que porteros (p = 0,009), defensas (p = 0,047) y mediocampistas (p = 0,022). Los porteros realizaron ambos Illinois en un tiempo mayor que el resto (p = 0,001). En 30 metros planos los delanteros fueron más rápidos que porteros (p = 0,019) y defensas (p = 0,031). La potencia muscular estimada fue mayor en porteros respecto a mediocampistas (p = 0,01).

Discusión: Los delanteros son más ágiles según el Pro Agility que las demás posiciones y más veloces que los porteros y defensas. Los porteros presentaron significativamente menor agilidad en ambos test de Illinois que las otras posiciones, pero mayor potencia que los mediocampistas. La flexibilidad y estabilidad fue similar entre posiciones. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados por entrenadores para asignar posiciones, selección de jugadores jóvenes y mejorar las habilidades más débiles de forma específica.

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