Lesiones deportivas y enfermedad durante los X Juegos Suramericanos Santiago 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v61i1.4Palabras clave:
Lesión deportiva, evento multi-deportivos, medicina deportivaResumen
Introducción: El Código Médico del Movimiento Olímpico promueve la práctica deportiva segura para la salud de los atletas. La vigilancia sistemática de las lesiones y enfermedades durante los eventos multi-deportivos, a través del formato “Sport Injuries And Illness Surveillance Study”, es la base para el desarrollo de medidas preventivas y una adecuada distribución de recursos.
Objetivos: Describir las atenciones por lesiones y enfermedades que afectaron a los atletas, durante la realización de los X Juegos Suramericanos Santiago 2014.
Métodos: Se registró, mediante el formulario de reporte diario establecido por el Comité Olimpico Internacional, las atenciones médicas por lesión o enfermerdad de los deportistas, realizadas tanto por los equipos médicos de los Comités Olimpicos Nacionales (CONs) como por el Staff Médico de la Organización de Santiago 2014.
Resultados: Participaron 3506 deportistas de 14 CONs, reportándose 343 atenciones por lesión y 64 por enfermedad, lo que significó una incidencia de 97,8 lesiones y 18,3 enfermedades por cada 1000 deportisas. La mayor tasa de lesión se dio en pentatlón moderno, gimnasia artística, BMX y tenis. Un 37,6% de las lesiones significaron ausencia deportiva (entrenamiento o competencia). Predominaron las lesiones por sobrecarga (29,8%). Las mayores tasas de enfermedad se dieron en bowling, aguas abiertas y basquetbol. El 31,3% afectó el sistema respiratorio, siendo infección la causa más frecuente de enfermedad. Un 26,6% de las enfermedades significaron ausencia deportiva (entrenamiento o competencia).
Conclusiones: Al menos un 7,8% y un 1,6% de los atletas fueron atendidos por lesiones y enfermedad respectivamente. El perfil epidemiológico de las atenciones varió entre los distintos deportes. Es importante aplicar sistemas de registro para generar información certera, la cual es la base para formular estrategias de prevención y planificar los recursos sanitarios en el deporte de alta competencia.
Referencias
International Olympic Committee. Olympic Charter—the organization, action and operation of the Olympic Movement. 2011.
Van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HC. Incidence, severity, etiology and prevention of sports injuries. A review of concepts. Sports Med 1992;14:82–99.
Steffen K, Soligard T, Engebretsen L. Health protection of the Olympic athlete. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:466–470.
Steffen K, Engebretsen L. The importance of sports medicine for the Sochi Games. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:1-2
Engebretsen L, Bahr R, Cook J, Derman W, Emery C, Finch C, Meeuwisse W, Schwellnus M, Steffen K. The IOC Centers of Excellence bring prevention to Sports Medicine. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:1270–1275.
Budgett R. Healthcare challenges at an Olympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:401.
Junge A, Engebretsen L, Alonso JM, et al. Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach. Br J Sports Med 2008; 42:413–21.
Junge A, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, et al. Football injuries during FIFA tournaments and the Olympic Games, 1998–2001: development and implementation of an injury-reporting system. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32(Suppl 1): 80S–9S.
Junge A, Langevoort G, Pipe A, et al. Injuries in team sport tournaments during the 2004 Olympic Games. Am J Sports Med 2006;34:565–76.
Junge A, Dvorak J. Injury surveillance in the World Football Tournaments 1998–2012. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:782–788.
Junge A, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T. Football injuries during the World Cup 2002. Am J Sports Med 2004;32(Suppl 1):23S–7S.
Dvorak J, Junge A, Grimm K, Kirkendall D. Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:578–581.
Dvorak J, Junge A, Derman W, et al. Injuries and illnesses of football players during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:626–30.
Junge A, Dvorak J. Football injuries during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:599–602.
Junge A, Dvorak J. Injuries in female football players in top-level international tournaments. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl 1):i3–7.
Yoon YS, Chai M, Shin DW. Football injuries at Asian tournaments. Am J Sports Med 2004;32(Suppl 1):36S–42S.
Bahr R, Reeser JC. Injuries among world-class professional beach volleyball players. The Federation Internationale de Volleyball beach volleyball injury study. Am J Sports Med 2003;31:119–25.
Langevoort G, Myklebust G, Dvorak J, et al. Handball injuries during major international tournaments. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007;17:400–7.
Fuller CW, Laborde F, Leather RJ, et al. International Rugby Board Rugby World Cup 2007 injury surveillance study. Br J Sports Med 2008;42:452–9.
Mountjoy M, Junge A, Alonso JM, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses in the 2009 FINA World Championships (Aquatics). Br J Sports Med 2010;44:522–7.
Feddermann-Demont N, Junge A, Edouard P, Branco P, Alonso JM. Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007–2012. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:513–522.
Alonso JM, Junge A, Renström P, et al. Sports injuries surveillance during the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Championships. Clin J Sport Med 2009;19:26–32.
Alonso JM, Tscholl PM, Engebretsen L, et al. Occurrence of injuries and illnesses during the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Championships. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:1100–5.
Alonso JM, Edouard P, Fischetto G, et al. Determination of future prevention strategies in elite track and field: analysis of Daegu 2011 IAAF Championships injuries and illnesses surveillance. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:505–14.
Bere T, Kruczynski J, Veintimilla N, Hamu Y, Bahr R. Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System. Br J Sports Med 2015;0:1–7.
Markku T, Stuart MJ, Aubry M, et al. Injuries in men`s international ice hockey: a 7-year study of the International Ice Hockey Federation Adult World Championship Tournaments and Olympic Winter Games. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:30–6.
Bere T, Bahr R. Injury prevention advances in alpine ski racing: harnessing collaboration with the International Ski Federation (FIS), long-term surveillance and digital technology to benefit athletes. Br J Sports Med 2014;48:738.
Maquirrian J, Baglione R. Epidemiology of tennis injuries: An eight-year review of Davis Cup retirements. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015 Feb 12:1-5.
Johansen MW, Steenstrup SE, Bere T, Bahr R, Nordsletten L. Injuries in World Cup telemark skiing: a 5-year cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Apr;49(7):453-7.
Fuller CW, Taylor A, Raftery M. Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership). Br J Sports Med. 2015 Apr;49(7):478-83.
Mountjoy M, Junge A, Benjamen S, Boyd K, Diop M, Gerrard D, van den Hoogenband CR, Marks S, Martinez-Ruiz E, Miller J, Nanousis K, Shahpar FM, Veloso J, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. Competing with injuries: injuries prior to and during the 15th FINA World Championships 2013 (aquatics). Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jan;49(1):37-43.
Flørenes TW, Nordsletten L, Heir S, et al. Recording injuries among World Cup skiers and snowboarders: a methodological study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011;21:196–205.
Junge A, Engebretsen L, Mountjoy ML, Alonso JM, Renström PA, Aubry MJ, Dvorak J. Sports Injuries During the Summer Olympic Games 2008. Am J Sports Med 2009 37: 2165
Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Alonso JM, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the Winter Olympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:772–80.
Engebretsen L, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012.Br J Sports Med 2013; 407–414.
Soligard T, Steffen K, Palmer-Green D, Aubry M, Grant M, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Budgett R, Engebretsen L. Sports injuries and illnesses in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Apr;49(7):441-7.
van Beijsterveldt A, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the European Youth Olympic Festival 2013. Br J Sports Med 2015;0:1–6.
Letelier H., Orizola A. Lesiones y enfermedades de los deportistas durante los I Juegos Deportivos Nacionales, Chile- 2013. Congreso Anual Asociación Argentina de Traumatología Deportiva – Mendoza, Abril 2015.
Mountjoy M., Junge A. The role of International Sport Federations in the protection of the athlete's health and promotion of sport for health of the general population. Br J Sports Med. 2013 Nov;47(16):1023-7.
McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Johnston K, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 3rd international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2008. Br J Sports Med 2009;43(Suppl 1):i76–90.
McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport—the 4th international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2012.Br J Sports Med 2013;47:250–8.
Ruedl G, Schobersberger W, Pocecco E, Blank C, Engebretsen L, Soligard T, Steffen K, Kopp M, Burtscz M. Sport injuries and illnesses during the first Winter Youth Olympic Games 2012 in Innsbruck, Austria. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:1030–1037.
Sell K, Hainline B, Yorio M, et al. Illness data from the US Open tennis championships from 1994 to 2009. Clin J Sport Med 2013;23:25–32.
Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, et al. Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:193–201.
Bahr R, Holme I. Risk factors for sports injuries—a methodological approach. Br J Sports Med 2003;37:384–92.
Inklaar H. Soccer injuries. I: incidence and severity. Sports Med 1994; 18:55–73.
Finch CF. An overview of some definitional issues for sports injury surveillance. Sports Med 1997;24:157–63.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2016 Archivos de la Sociedad Chilena de Medicina del Deporte

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.