Asociación entre la distancia e intensidad de carrera durante el entrenamiento y la pérdida de sudor en futbolistas femeninas de élite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v70i2.116Palabras clave:
concentración de electrolitos en sudor, deshidratación, fútbol, rehidratación, atleta de éliteResumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la distancia e intensidad de carrera durante entrenamientos de alta (AI) y baja intensidad (BI) con la pérdida de sudor en jugadoras de fútbol de élite.
Métodos: Quince jugadoras de fútbol de élite de una selección nacional realizaron dos sesiones de entrenamiento de 90 minutos, una a alta intensidad (AI) y otra a baja intensidad (BI), en un ambiente templado. Se midieron la tasa de sudoración, la pérdida de sodio por sudor y los patrones de carrera.
Resultados: En AI, la distancia total recorrida (p<0.001), el número de sprints (p<0.001) y la carga física total (p<0.001) fueron mayores que en BI. La AI también generó una mayor tasa de sudoración (p=0.02) y pérdida de sodio por sudor (p=0.03), sin diferencias en la concentración de sodio. La tasa de sudoración durante AI e BI se asoció únicamente con la distancia total recorrida (p=0.02; r=0.47).
Conclusión: En futbolistas femeninas de élite, los entrenamientos de alta intensidad inducen una mayor pérdida de sudor y sodio debido a una mayor tasa de sudoración. La distancia total recorrida parece ser el factor con mayor influencia. Como aplicación práctica, se recomienda adecuar la tasa de rehidratación a la tasa de sudoración en sesiones con mayores desplazamientos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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