Eccentric training an ally in preventing injuries and improving the improvement of sports performance.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v69i1.71Keywords:
muscle strength, muscular development, Physical ActivityAbstract
The training focuses on the elongation phase of muscle actions. Several investigations pointed out eccentric training as an injurious method due to the generation of muscle soreness (DOMS) 24, 48 and even 72 hours post-training. Nowadays, this type of contractions has been the focus of further studies and has shown positive effects in the increase of muscular strength and power, besides being a protective factor in the prevention of injuries.
This letter to the editor is intended to show updated evidence regarding the role of eccentric exercise proposing four levels of work according to the literature detailing series, repetitions and percentages of 1RM according to the objective and level of the subject or athlete.
This information is useful for the same athletes and/or trainers so that they can use this type of exercises in their training programs according to the age and sex of the people.
Downloads
References
Soto Rodríguez F, Muñoz Poblete C, Soto Rodríguez F, Muñoz Poblete C. Percepción del Beneficio del Ejercicio para la Prevención de Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos. Una Perspectiva del Trabajador. Cienc Amp Trab. 2018 Apr;20(61):14–8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-24492018000100014
Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Bellon CR, Stone MH. The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2018 Apr;48(4):765–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z
Telley IA, Denoth J. Sarcomere dynamics during muscular contraction and their implications to muscle function. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2007;28(1):89–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-007-9107-8
Hill AV. Length of muscle, and the heat and tension developed in an isometric contraction. J Physiol. 1925 Sep 4;60(4):237–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1925.sp002242
Ansari M, Hardcastle S, Myers S, Williams AD. The Health and Functional Benefits of Eccentric versus Concentric Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med. 2023 Jun 1;22(2):288–309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2023.288
Padulo J, Laffaye G, Chamari K, Concu A. Concentric and Eccentric: Muscle Contraction or Exercise? Sports Health. 2013 Jul;5(4):306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113491386
Hody S, Croisier JL, Bury T, Rogister B, Leprince P. Eccentric Muscle Contractions: Risks and Benefits. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jul 11];10. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.00536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00536
Peñailillo L, Blazevich A, Numazawa H, Nosaka K. Metabolic and muscle damage profiles of concentric versus repeated eccentric cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Sep;45(9):1773–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828f8a73
Suchomel TJ, Wagle JP, Douglas J, Taber CB, Harden M, Haff GG, et al. Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training-Part 1: A Brief Review of Existing Methods. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Jun 24;4(2):38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020038
Jayaseelan DJ, Mischke JJ, Strazzulla RL. Eccentric Exercise for Achilles Tendinopathy: A Narrative Review and Clinical Decision-Making Considerations. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Jun 5;4(2):34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020034
Murtaugh B, M. Ihm J. Eccentric Training for the Treatment of Tendinopathies. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013 Jun;12(3):175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182933761
Burgos-Jara C, Cerda-Kohler H, Aedo-Muñoz E, Miarka B. Eccentric Resistance Training: A Methodological Proposal of Eccentric Muscle Exercise Classification Based on Exercise Complexity, Training Objectives, Methods, and Intensity. Appl Sci. 2023 Jan;13(13):7969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137969
Rico-González A, Morales-Hernández AG. El protocolo de curl Nórdico y sus efectos en jugadores de fútbol. Una revisión narrativa. Rev Digit Act Física Deporte [Internet]. 2021 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Feb 1];7(2). Available from: https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/rdafd/article/view/1905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31910/rdafd.v7.n2.2021.1905
Sayana MK, Maffulli N. Eccentric calf muscle training in non-athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport. 2007 Feb;10(1):52–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.008
Harris-Love MO, Seamon BA, Gonzales TI, Hernandez HJ, Pennington D, Hoover BM. Eccentric Exercise Program Design: A Periodization Model for Rehabilitation Applications. Front Physiol. 2017;8:112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00112
Ramírez-Campillo R, Burgos CH, Henríquez-Olguín C, Andrade DC, Martínez C, Álvarez C, et al. Effect of Unilateral, Bilateral, and Combined Plyometric Training on Explosive and Endurance Performance of Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000762
Dyk N van, Behan FP, Whiteley R. Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2019 Nov 1;53(21):1362–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100045
Proske U, Allen TJ. Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2005 Apr;33(2):98–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00003677-200504000-00007
Féasson L, Stockholm D, Freyssenet D, Richard I, Duguez S, Beckmann JS, et al. Molecular adaptations of neuromuscular disease-associated proteins in response to eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2002 Aug 15;543(Pt 1):297–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002.018689
Quinlan JI, Franchi MV, Gharahdaghi N, Badiali F, Francis S, Hale A, et al. Muscle and tendon adaptations to moderate load eccentric vs. concentric resistance exercise in young and older males. GeroScience. 2021 Aug;43(4):1567–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00396-0
Beato M, Dello Iacono A. Implementing Flywheel (Isoinertial) Exercise in Strength Training: Current Evidence, Practical Recommendations, and Future Directions. Front Physiol. 2020;11:569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00569
O Brien J, Browne D, Earls D. The Effects of Different Types of Eccentric Overload Training on Strength, Speed, Power and Change of Direction in Female Basketball Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Sep;5(3):50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5030050
Wisløff U, Castagna C, Helgerud J, Jones R, Hoff J. Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 2004 Jun 1;38(3):285–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071
Friedmann-Bette B, Bauer T, Kinscherf R, Vorwald S, Klute K, Bischoff D, et al. Effects of strength training with eccentric overload on muscle adaptation in male athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Mar 1;108(4):821–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1292-2
Tous-Fajardo J, Gonzalo-Skok O, Arjol-Serrano JL, Tesch P. Enhancing Change-of-Direction Speed in Soccer Players by Functional Inertial Eccentric Overload and Vibration Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Jan 1;11(1):66–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0010
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Archivos de la Sociedad Chilena de Medicina del Deporte
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
