Número de sesiones kinesiológicas en el tratamiento de personas deportistas post sutura meniscal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v69i2.63Palabras clave:
Menisco, Sutura meniscal, rehabilitación post cirugíaResumen
Introducción: La sutura meniscal es una intervención quirúrgica que se realiza a partir de una rotura o desgarro del menisco, estimando que se realiza solo en un 21,8% de las personas con este diagnóstico; debido a las dificultades y complicaciones que trae la cirugía es que se necesita una rehabilitación kinésica, para devolver la funcionalidad al usuario.
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre los distintos protocolos de intervención postquirúrgicos en sutura meniscal, para obtener el número de sesiones kinesiológicas necesarias para recuperar distintas variables (dolor, rango, propiocepción, fuerza, marcha) y en base a los estudios encontrados, proponer una guía de recomendaciones de tratamiento.
Metodología: En el presente estudio se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre la bibliografía reciente usando las bases de datos de PUBMED, SCOPUS, WILEY, SPRINGER, EBSCO, OXFORD Y SCIENCEDIRECT, entre los años 2018 al 2022.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 122 artículos científicos de los cuales sólo 53 cumplieron con los criterios de exclusión-inclusión. De estos, 11 fueron seleccionados para analizar la variable dolor y solo 1 de ellos fue efectivo e incluye análisis estadístico. En ROM, 54 trabajos muestran información, sin embargo, solo 33 fueron efectivos. Al evaluar la propiocepción, se obtuvo 6 estudios, pero ninguno con datos para evaluar la efectividad. Para la variable marcha solo se obtuvieron 13 y de ellos 5 son efectivos. Por último, en la variable fuerza 29 estudios fueron analizados y solo 2 muestran evidencia de efectividad.
Conclusión: En base al análisis de la literatura el periodo de intervención kinésica postoperatorio es hasta 24 semanas, con una variación de 2 o 3 sesiones por semana. Por lo tanto, las recomendaciones que este trabajo propone es efectuar entre 48 y 72 sesiones. La variación de las sesiones está dada según el nivel de actividad física del usuario y la disciplina deportiva. Sin embargo, no es posible detallar la guía de recomendaciones ya que este estudio no es concluyente debido a la escasa información sobre el número de sesiones, tipo de intervención, frecuencia, intensidad, volumen y efectividad de la intervención.
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