Efectividad de los tratamientos para esguince de tobillo en deportistas: una revisión sistemática.

Marco Ascheris Moreno; Gustavo Matamala Madrid; Xiomara Sepúlveda Vidal; Francisco Silva Vera; Marcelo Bobadilla Olivares

doi:10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v68i1.60

Autores/as

Marco Ascheris Moreno Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Gustavo Matamala Madrid Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Xiomara Sepúlveda Vidal Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Francisco Silva Vera Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
Marcelo Bobadilla Olivares Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v68i1.60

Palabras clave:

Esguince de tobillo, Tratamiento de rehabilitación, Terapia de rehabilitación, Inestabilidad crónica de tobillo

Resumen

Introducción: El esguince de tobillo corresponde a una de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas más frecuentes durante la realización de alguna práctica deportiva. Del total de las afecciones traumáticas de tobillo, el 40% son producidas realizando algún deporte. La literatura muestra diferentes tipos de tratamientos kinesiológicos utilizados para el manejo de esta afección, sin embargo, no existe consenso para un abordaje kinésico efectivo.

Objetivo: Establecer en base a la evidencia científica reciente, cuál es la intervención kinésica más efectiva en deportistas con esguince de tobillo.

Metodología: La estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica empleada en este estudio hace uso exclusivo mediante las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPRINGER, SCIENCEDIRECT. Los documentos encontrados se filtraron según criterios de inclusión y exclusión planteados en la presente investigación.

Resultados: Todas las intervenciones kinesiológicas para el tratamiento de esguince de tobillo en deportistas muestran resultados positivos en la recuperación de la lesión, sin embargo, los protocolos que involucran resistencia de fuerza muscular y equilibrio muestran un mayor impacto en la recuperación de esta afección. Por otra parte, el vendaje funcional, aunque mejora la estabilidad articular, no genera una recuperación significativa si se utiliza como técnica única.

Palabras clave: Esguince de tobillo; tratamiento de rehabilitación; terapia de rehabilitación; inestabilidad crónica del tobillo.

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