¿Los niveles de Testosterona y Cortisol influyen en el rendimiento en el rugby? Una mirada al rugby sevens.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59856/arch.soc.chil.med.deporte.v67i1.23Palabras clave:
Testosterona, cortisol, ratio testosterona/cortisol, rugby, rendimientoResumen
Introducción: El Rugby 7 (R7) es una rama del Rugby Unión (RU) y se caracteriza principalmente por ser un deporte de oposición con períodos de juego intensos y de corta duración, por lo tanto, los componentes psicológicos y fisiológicos juegan un rol en el rendimiento. En el R7, los deportistas compiten varias veces durante un mismo día, permitiendo la acumulación de fatiga. Esta acumulación de fatiga se puede explicar principalmente por la intensidad del juego y el número de colisiones a alta intensidad provocando perturbaciones a nivel muscular, endocrino y del sistema inmune. Sin embargo, a la fecha no existen trabajos que integren las respuestas fisiológicas como, por ejemplo, las respuestas hormonales de los jugadores a dichas demandas.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura científica en relación al efecto de las hormonas T, C y el Ratio T/C en el rendimiento deportivo en el R7.
Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatuta, se realizó una búsqueda durante los meses de abril a noviembre del 2021 en 4 bases de datos (Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus (Elsevier) y Scielo). Después de analizar 335 textos se consideró su utilidad y relevacia para la inclusión a esta revisión. 11 Estudios cumplierón con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Los trabajos incluidos asocián la relación hormonal con el rendimiento deportivo en el RU y R7. Se destaca la relación grande (r=0,80) de la T con el rendimiento deportivo en el RU.
Conclusión: Según los estudios analizados se puede observar la existencia de asociaciones entre los niveles hormonales de T y C con el rendimiento en deportistas de RU.
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